Monitoring Floods with DisasterAWARE

Floods are among the most costly and disruptive natural hazards. In the United States alone, disasters causing over a billion dollars in damage have totaled $2.95 trillion since 1980, according to NOAA. Flood-related disasters regularly account for tens of billions of dollars each year in direct losses—without factoring in broader economic impacts. A study by the U.S. Senate Joint Economic Committee estimates the total economic burden of flooding in the U.S. ranges between $179.8 and $496.0 billion annually.

DisasterAWARE helps organizations stay ahead of flood risks by delivering real-time, global monitoring for all flood types—riverine, coastal, and flash floods. Our system combines data from national meteorological and hydrological agencies with a global flood forecasting model developed in partnership with NASA, giving users early insight into potential impacts and helping them make faster, more informed decisions.

Automated And Manually Curated Products For Flooding

Flooding is one of the most complex hazards to predict and assess. Local terrain, drainage, infrastructure, and rainfall patterns all influence the outcome—making impact estimation especially challenging.

To support timely decision-making, DisasterAWARE generates a Situational Awareness product every time there is a significant update from our integrated meteorological partners. These reports summarize the latest conditions and expected impacts, with details varying by region.

For example, in the United
States, our reports may include:

  •  Flooded areas and affected counties
  • River gauges that have reached or exceeded flood stage
  • The severity of flooding, from near flood stage to major flooding

For global flood forecasts, based on our NASA-supported model, we generate Situational Awareness products highlighting:

  • Level-six watersheds at risk
  • Probabilities of coastal and riverine flooding

In cases of major disasters—whether identified by our automated systems or manually confirmed by our disaster response team—DisasterAWARE also curates and shares products from international aid agencies, as well as federal and state emergency briefings, providing users with the most comprehensive and current view of flood impacts.

Flood Hazard Severity

DisasterAWARE uses a consistent four-tier Hazard Severity Scale across all hazard types to help users quickly assess risk levels and take appropriate action:

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Warning

Serious or widespread impacts are imminent or occurring. Take immediate action.

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Watch

Significant impacts are possible. Monitor conditions closely and be ready to act.

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Advisory

Conditions may cause minor disruptions. Exercise caution.

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Information

Conditions may cause minor disruptions. Exercise caution.

For flood hazards provided by partner meteorological and hydrological agencies, DisasterAWARE always reflects the severity level designated by local authorities. We do not override their expert assessments.

For global flood forecasts, based on our partnership with NASA, DisasterAWARE assigns severity using a scientifically driven approach:

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The model considers the baseline historical flood risk for each watershed

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It also factors in weighted risk indicators and real-time observational data

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 Severity is calculated using NASA’s “Model of Models”, which integrates outputs from multiple forecasting models

This hybrid approach ensures our flood severity ratings are grounded in local authority guidance wherever possible, while also providing a robust, model-based assessment for global, data-scarce regions.

SmartAlert Notification Areas and Exposure Areas

To support timely and relevant alerts, DisasterAWARE distinguishes between exposure areas—which represent the regions directly affected by a flood—and notification areas, which are used to trigger alerts when a hazard is near a user’s Area of Interest or critical assets.

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Whenever possible, DisasterAWARE follows the guidance of official sources:

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     If a partner agency, such as the National Weather Service (NWS), provides separate geographic definitions for the affected area and the alerting area, we use both as provided.
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     If only an affected area is defined, we may apply a buffer to create a broader notification area. This ensures users are alerted to nearby hazards even when precise notification zones are not provided by the partner.

For NASA global flood forecasts, DisasterAWARE uses the contours of the level-six watershed boundaries to define both the exposure and notification areas. These watershed zones are based on the model’s predictions of where flooding is likely to occur, offering a consistent and scalable way to deliver alerts in areas without local authority data.

This approach balances the use of authoritative data with predictive modeling—ensuring that users receive reliable, location-specific alerts tailored to their risk exposure.

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Supporting Map Layers for Flood Monitoring

DisasterAWARE provides a robust collection of supporting map layers to help users assess ongoing flood events, anticipate future impacts, and understand long-term flood risk. These layers combine global coverage with region-specific detail—especially for the United States—and are designed to work seamlessly alongside a user’s own data, such as critical infrastructure and assets.

The datasets are grouped into four main categories:

These layers provide insight into current environmental conditions that contribute to flooding:

 IMERG Rainfall Accumulation (NASA):

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    Available in both 3-hour and 1-day accumulations
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    Shows recent precipitation totals to help identify saturated areas and recent storm activity

Global Cloud Cover:

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    Indicates cloud systems contributing to recent and potential rainfall

Sea Surface Temperature (SST):

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    Useful for understanding the broader oceanic conditions that influence weather systems and precipitation

Doppler Radar (U.S. only):

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    Shows near real-time precipitation and storm cell activity over the continental United States

These layers help users anticipate future flood risks based on weather and climate models:

GloFAS Precipitation Forecast (ECMWF):

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    Provides medium-range precipitation outlooks for flood forecasting

Global Tropics Hazards Outlook (GTH) (NOAA):

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    Offers 2-week flood and rainfall probability forecasts for tropical regions

NOAA/NWS Experimental Liquid Precipitation Forecast (U.S. only):

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    Forecasts total liquid precipitation (including rain and melted snow) in 6-hour increments up to 3 days

Seasonal Precipitation Anomaly Model (Global):

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    Displays how precipitation for the current season compares to long-term historical averages

These datasets reflect long-term or high-risk areas based on physical conditions and climatological patterns:

Flash Flood Hazard Zones (Global):

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    Identifies areas prone to flash flooding, based on erosivity density—a measure of how intense and frequent short-duration storms are relative to annual precipitation

High-Resolution Flood Hazard Zones (U.S. only):

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    Derived from national assessments and historical floodplain data (available through NWS integration)

Historical Major Flood Events (Global):

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    Displays locations of large-scale flood events over time, offering insight into regions with recurring flood risk

These layers are integrated from U.S. government agencies and provide authoritative, location-specific information:

NWS Flood Warning Areas:

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    Shows active flood warnings issued by the National Weather Service
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    Included here again for completeness due to its U.S.-specific value in identifying real-time precipitation trendsTogether, these layers empower users to:

Doppler Radar (as noted above):

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    Included here again for completeness due to its U.S.-specific value in identifying real-time precipitation trendsTogether, these layers empower users to:

Sea Surface Temperature (SST):

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    Useful for understanding the broader oceanic conditions that influence weather systems and precipitation

Doppler Radar (U.S. only):

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    Shows near real-time precipitation and storm cell activity over the continental United States

Natural Disaster API (DaaS)

For organizations integrating flood data directly into their own systems, DisasterAWARE offers a robust Natural Disaster API—our Data-as-a-Service (DaaS) solution. This API provides access to the most current and authoritative flood hazard data, enabling seamless integration into internal applications, risk dashboards, and operational tools.

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Through the Natural Disaster API, users can access:

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     Flood hazard location, severity, and type
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    SmartAlert notification areas and exposure areas
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     All associated Situational Awareness products, including both automated and curated reports
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Every API response includes clear attribution to the original source of the hazard:

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    National meteorological or hydrological agencies
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    Our own NASA/DisasterAWARE global flood forecasting model
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     Or manually identified events curated by DisasterAWARE’s internal disaster response team

This transparency ensures that organizations can evaluate not only the data itself, but also the credibility of the source behind it—supporting trusted, data-informed decisions.

Take the first step towards reaching operational resilience with DisasterAWARE